Calcium phosphates grown on bacterial cellulose template

Bacterial cellulose membranes were employed as templates for calcium phosphates deposition by successive immersion in solutions of Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O and (NH₄)₂HPO₄, under ultrasonication. During the wet chemical reaction, mineral phases were loaded on bacterial cellulose fibrils, leading to precursor hybrid composites. These were subjected to a lyophilisation procedure in order to preserve the 3D porous aspect and afterwards to a thermal treatment with the aim of removing the polymeric phase and generating well crystallized structures. Different types of morphologies were achieved by varying the heating rate, as well as the calcination temperature and period. The as-prepared samples and the final ones were investigated from compositional and structural point of view through X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and morphologically concerning by scanning electron microscopy. The magnetic properties were also evaluated in order to demonstrate the suitability of the obtained materials for the development of magnetic scaffolds dedicated to hard tissue applications.     

Synthesis of nanoporous Baghdadite by a modified sol-gel method and its structural and controlled release properties

In this research, a bimodal nanoporous Baghdadite (NB) (Ca3ZrSi2O9) was prepared by a modified sol-gel method using P123 as a surfactant. The effects of P123's contents on the structural and textural properties as well as the drug delivery behavior of NB were assessed in vitro. The usage of P123 offered a new route for the synthesis of NB. The synthesized NB samples with different amounts of P123 were studied through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), N2 adsorption-desorption, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis spectroscopy (EDAX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that a single-phase Baghdadite was obtained by this new method at the calcination temperature of 800?°C. It was found that an increase in P123's content up to 0.025?mol changed the morphology of NB samples from mountain-like to needle-like. The potential application of NB samples as drug delivery agents was assessed by estimating their release properties up to 240?h. This research revealed that the synthesized Baghdadite could be used as a potential nanoporous carrier with controlled release capability in bone tissue regeneration.     

建筑工程地基检测技术要点分析及优化对策

针对建筑工程的地基检测技术进行重点分析,并且相应的提出了检测技术的优化对策,以此来促进建筑工程得以顺利发展。     

抗凝冰乳化沥青涂层的性能研究

为了研究自制融雪剂对抗凝冰乳化沥青涂层性能的影响,将自制固态型融雪剂按5%、10%、15%的比例加入乳化沥青制备涂层乳液,采用水煮法、摆式摩擦仪、电导率试验分别对涂层材料的粘附性、抗滑性能和抗凝冰性能进行了测试。结果表明:自制型融雪剂对乳化沥青与集料的粘附性影响不大;随着融雪剂掺配比例的增大,抗凝冰乳化沥青涂层的摩擦系数有所降低,但均满足规范要求;相比于普通沥青涂层,抗凝冰乳化沥青涂层的抗凝冰性能得到改善,且随着融雪剂掺配比例的增大,凝冰性能逐渐提高。     

地外人工光合成材料研究进展

太空探索已成为人类共同目标,重返月球、载人火星等人类历史上的重大里程碑任务已逐步实施。如何实现地外极端环境下人类生存和发展已成为载人太空探索的基本能力和基础技术。由南京大学和钱学森空间技术实验室提出的地外人工光合成技术,模拟地球绿色植物的自然光合作用,利用密闭空间废弃资源或地外天体环境中丰富的资源,通过光电催化方法原位、加速、可控地将二氧化碳转化成为氧气和含碳燃料,大幅度降低载人航天器的物资供应需求,支撑可承受、可持续的载人深空探索。本文回顾了近年来国际航空航天领域利用二氧化碳转换生成氧气和碳氢燃料的现有方法,并深入探讨面向地外原位资源利用的人工光合成材料研究进展,期望深化对地外人工光合成材料与技术的认知,有力支撑载人航天发展。     

Effect of carbon nanotubes on structure and properties of the antifriction coatings produced by plasma cladding

Abstract

Due to their high antifriction characteristics, the Sn-Sb-Cu alloys (referred to as babbits) are widely used to coat sliding bearings. However, some limitations of the present techniques for applying such coating materials cause a decrease in their fatigue strength because of the reinforcing phase particles growth. As a technique for restricting the increasing of the reinforcing particle sizes, this paper proposes plasma surface cladding with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) as modifiers. The dry sliding friction tests performed according to the “pin-on-disk” scheme using as a counterface a steel 100Cr6 (DIN 17230) disk have shown that adding to the coating 0.25%wt of CNTs significantly improves the friction stability (the coefficient of friction process stability decreases twice with reducing the friction coefficient and wear resistance by 5% on the average). An attempt to reveal the mechanism for the MWNT influence on the structure and performance of the babbit-based coatings was undertaken. Studies of the coatings metal structure by soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy and also by the metallographic and fractographic analysis involving electron-microscopy have shown that MWNTs remain stable during plasma cladding process and save into the coating.     

A Combined Ordered Macro‐Mesoporous Architecture Design and Surface Engineering Strategy for High‐Performance Sulfur Immobilizer in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

The practical application of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries is hindered by the “shuttle” of lithium polysulfides (LiPS) and sluggish Li–S kinetics issues. Herein, a synergistic strategy combining mesoporous architecture design and defect engineering is proposed to synthesize multifunctional defective 3D ordered mesoporous cobalt sulfide (3DOM N‐Co₉S_8?x) to address the shuttling and sluggish reaction kinetics of polysulfide in Li–S batteries. The unique 3DOM design provides abundant voids for sulfur storage and enlarged active interfaces that reduce electron/ion diffusion pathways. Meanwhile, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy shows that the surface defect engineering tunes the CoS₄ tetrahedra to CoS₆ octahedra on Co₉S₈, endowing abundance of S vacancies on the Co₉S₈ octahedral sites. The ever‐increasing S vacancies over the course of electrochemical process further promotes the chemical trapping of LiPS and its conversion kinetics, rendering fast and durable Li–S chemistry. Benefiting from these features, the as‐developed 3DOM N‐Co₉S_8?x/S cathode delivers high areal capacity, superb rate capability, and excellent cyclic stability with ultralow capacity fading rate under raised sulfur loading and low electrolyte content. This design strategy promotes the development of practically viable Li–S batteries and sheds lights on the material engineering in related energy storage application.     

Template Engineering of CuBi2O4 Single‐Crystal Thin Film Photocathodes

To develop strategies for efficient photo‐electrochemical water‐splitting, it is important to understand the fundamental properties of oxide photoelectrodes by synthesizing and investigating their single‐crystal thin films. However, it is challenging to synthesize high‐quality single‐crystal thin films from copper‐based oxide photoelectrodes due to the occurrence of significant defects such as copper or oxygen vacancies and grains. Here, the CuBi₂O₄ (CBO) single‐crystal thin film photocathode is achieved using a NiO template layer grown on single‐crystal SrTiO₃ (STO) (001) substrate via pulsed laser deposition. The NiO template layer plays a role as a buffer layer of large lattice mismatch between CBO and STO (001) substrate through domain‐matching epitaxy, and forms a type‐II band alignment with CBO, which prohibits the transfer of photogenerated electrons toward bottom electrode. The photocurrent densities of the CBO single‐crystal thin film photocathode demonstrate ?0.4 and ?0.7 mA cm^?2 at even 0 V_RHE with no severe dark current under illumination in a 0.1 m potassium phosphate buffer solution without and with H₂O₂ as an electron scavenger, respectively. The successful synthesis of high‐quality CBO single‐crystal thin film would be a cornerstone for the in‐depth understanding of the fundamental properties of CBO toward efficient photo‐electrochemical water‐splitting.